Exploring Consumer Responses to COVID-19: Meaning Making, Cohort Effects, and Consumer Rebound

The COVID-19 pandemic affected a variety of consumer needs, preferences, and behaviors but with considerable heterogeneity. This article develops a conceptual framework that focuses on (1) how consumers responded to the pandemic, (2) drivers of heterogeneity, and (3) effects that may persist in a post-pandemic world. Grounded in meaning-making theory, the framework derives four categories of consumer meaning making in light of COVID-19. Then, the framework draws on life course research to theorize that the pandemic driven by the perceived severity of its impact on certain consumer segments can elicit turning point and cohort effects (e.g., decreased control and increased risk perceived by consumers). In parallel, the framework predicts that certain other consumers will rebound and return to normality relatively quickly. Our process model offers meaningful implications for future consumer and marketing research.

Language matters: humanizing service robots through the use of language during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Service robots are emerging quickly in the marketplace (e.g., in hotels, restaurants, and healthcare), especially as COVID-19-related health concerns and social distancing guidelines have affected people's desire and ability to interact with other humans. However, while robots can increase efficiency and enable service offerings with reduced human contact, prior research shows a systematic consumer aversion toward service robots relative to human service providers. This potential dilemma raises the managerial question of how firms can overcome consumer aversion and better employ service robots. Drawing on prior research that supports the use of language for building interpersonal relationships, this research examines whether the type of language (social-oriented vs. task-oriented language) a service robot uses can improve consumer responses to and evaluations of the focal service robot, particularly in light of consumers' COVID-19-related stress. The results show that consumers respond more favorably to a service robot that uses a social-oriented (vs. task-oriented) language style, particularly when these consumers experience relatively higher levels of COVID-19-related stress. These findings contribute to initial empirical evidence in marketing for the efficacy of leveraging robots' language style to improve customer evaluations of service robots, especially under stressful circumstances. Overall, the results from two experimental studies not only point to actionable managerial implications but also to a new avenue of research on service robots that examines customer-robot interactions through the lens of language and in contexts that can be stressful for consumers (e.g., healthcare or some financial service settings). Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11002-022-09630-x.